OVERVIEW MP3

At the beginning of Mp3
Early Revoulsi Audio digital audio DigitalRevolusi began around 1987, when the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany began to develop an audio technology that someday may make Audio CD obsolete as 8 track tapes. The technology is still under development, named MPEG Audio Layer 3 aka MP3, which can convert digital audio files into 1/10 the size of the digital file size first. The technology developed is a compression technology for digital audio files.
Inventor of the MP3
Bill Gates became a legend and prospered because of his creations operating system, MS-DOS and Windows, Linus Torvalds is also known for the Linux operating system are made. However, among experts, there is someone who is a legend due to his fundamental discoveries in the field of digital audio. He is Dr. Karlheinz Brandenburg the inventor of MP3. Work of its findings are used by almost everyone on earth. Dr. Karlheinz Brandenburg to develop his invention at the German Fraunhofer Institute.
P3 is a digital audio file format which is initially available for PC (Personal Computer), but the development of MP3 began to enter the wider world, not limited to the PC but also a digital audio player device like a CD player that can be used even without a PC.
MP3 stands for MPEG Audio Layer 3, a compression technology for digital audio files in order to obtain a smaller file size compared to previous digital audio format.
Initially, MP3 is the audio track (Audio Layer) MPEG Video. MPEG itself is the acronym for Moving Picture Expert Group.Sebelum advent of MP3, has no digital audio file format that uses compression technology, among others: Dolby AAC, WMA (Windows Media Audio), Real Audio, VQF.
Compression Mp3
A little story about the popular MP3 file format it. Talk about MP3 file format can not be separated from MPEG (Motion Pictures Expert Group). MPEG (usually pronounced as eM-PEG) is known as a standard format in the storage and distribution of compressed multimedia data. We know, the data in the form of audio or video recordings will be very large, and thus would be consuming space on the storage media. Kind of MPEG compression techniques can help reduce the size of multimedia files without losing information stored on them. One of the most popular applications are MPEG format VCD (Video Compact Disc). Just so you know, when we set the movie in VCD, then conducted by the VCD player was actually reading a file that is stored in MPEG format in VCD discs and displays the result on the screen.
Unlike the ZIP compression format which retains the original data structure (non-lossy), the MPEG compression techniques are lossy, which means that this technique eliminates some of the information that is not significant. With a particular algorithm, called DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), then a video can be compressed with a compression ratio of 10:1 to above, that of 10 MB of data, can be reduced to only 1 MB with a quality that is only slightly lower than the file format original. With the development of microprocessor technology, which generates the data processing speed is higher, then the MPEG compression techniques may continue to be refined to produce image quality equal to the original. Compression format is applied to the DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and digital television broadcasts for example, is also compressed with the MPEG method, but with a more advanced algorithm than that applied to the VCD.
Basically, the record multimedia files saved in MPEG format consists of three layers (layers). The first layer is a frame (picture frame), next is the motion (movement), and the third layer, or the latter is the sound (sound). Well, the MP3 file is actually a special MPEG file handle only a third layer that's all. Then that he called that, which is short for MPEG Layer 3. MP3 file format first developed by Karlheinz Brandenburg of the Fraunhofer University, Germany, at around 1996. MP3 algorithm therefore also often referred to as the Fraunhofer algorithm.
The workings of the MP3 compression is to eliminate noise at frequencies that can not be heard by human ears. This method has significant effectiveness. If a CD Audio (CDDA format) with a capacity of about 640 MB only able to keep records of all 70 minutes, then allow an MP3 format audio files with a data rate of 128 kpbs spend just over 1 minute for 1 MB of space on the storage media. Calculate how many songs that can be crammed into one CD when the average length of a song is about 4-5 minutes.


Because compressed with lossy methods, the actual sound quality of MP3 files is not as good as the original recording in CD format - although still much better than with tape media. That's why the MP3 format has never been claimed as 'CD-quality' (CD quality), but only 'near CD quality' (Near CD Quality). However, for most people, this difference is hardly felt. Maybe for the audiophile (audio maniacs) still can feel the difference in sound quality.
Legality Mp3
The real issues surrounding the MP3 file format that is more technical than the non-technical. Technically, MP3 algorithm is still being developed with the objective to obtain a higher compression ratio with clearer sound quality. Nevertheless, it still takes a fair amount of time to perfect the MP3 file format we know today. Not to mention the popularity of the MP3 format factors are already familiar to the user's PC, so other formats that later developed, such as MP4 VQF or not so get a speech from the market.
Precisely the real issue is far from technical problems, namely relating to copyright. It's no secret that this format led to the development of the actors recording industeri enraged. The results of their work in the form of a recording track can be easily copied and disseminated, either through internet or through pirated CDs are sold in Indonesia are open. The result is clear they should reap no small loss.
This is compounded by the advent of MP3 file sharing services via peer to peer network on the internet. This service was originally pioneered by Napster (the site used in www.napster.com). Utilizing this service, Internet users to exchange MP3 files with other users who are connected to the net. Provides a software service provider that serves as a kind of 'search engine' to find MP3 files that match the required criteria. These files are the files that had been provided by other users of the same service. So, this service did not provide MP3 files, but merely facilitate the exchange of files between users only.
Ultimately, the demands of the recording industry had forced Napster out of business. But like the saying goes' fall one grows a thousand ', it is precisely the kind of services popping up "like mushrooms in the rainy season'. Find it difficult to resist this kind of service, the record industry began to change tactics. Rather than bring an action against a service provider, they even began to target user. Some users are caught red-handed using this service, now has to deal with the United States Copyright Act known that the threat of harsh penalties that amount is not kidding. The issue then rolled into a debate about the law which certainly is not related anymore to technical problems
From Audio CD to MP3
Got a stack of CD music collection? Instead of hard-set and play it on regular CD player, what if the songs are recorded on a music CD is converted to MP3 files on your computer and enjoy it?
Rip + Encode
If your computer has a drive for the CD-ROM, multimedia support, and run Linux, then the conversion from Audio CD into MP3 format files is easy. A number of utilities available to it will be discussed thoroughly here. As a variety of programs for Linux, all free of charge and free of charge so you do not have to reach into his pocket. Moreover, utility-utility was already come bundled with CD-ROM InfoLinux so it does not have to bother downloading it at once to save time and costs.
The supporting software is required there are two, namely one each for copying audio tracks to WAV files and to convert this WAV file to MP3. In terms, the first step is often referred to as the second step is the ripping and encoding. Program for ripping and encoding respectively known as ripper and encoder.
How does a ripper works? Basically relatively simple, the raw audio data read from the desired track from the CD and then mengkomposisikannya in audio format that can already be played by a player (such as XMMS or FreeAmp). Typically the resulting format is WAV, a de facto standard for audio files. Thus - you'll also see for yourself - the existence of sound card is not required when the ripper run. As a result WAV files generated from the process will be exactly the same ripping audio tracks on the CD, just a different format. It also means that there is no loss (loss) that occurs so that the quality is as good as the WAV file and clean as the original track. On the other hand, because the WAV format is an uncompressed format, its size will be enormous. One minute of music will coincide approximately with 12 MB of audio data in WAV files. Thus, for an average song, it takes place up to about 50 MB.
Given how much hard disk space borosnya if the songs must be stored in WAV format, of course it would be better to use the MP3 format. Compared to WAV, MP3 will only take place approximately 1 MB for one minute musical survivors. As information, MP3 files using the standard MPEG Layer 3 compression audio signal by removing components that barely heard by human ears. Discuss in detail how the compression technique itself is outside the scope of this paper.
A duty encoder for audio information picked from the input file (for example the results of ripping WAV files) to MP3 format music files. There are several parameters that can be set to the encoding process including channels and bitrate. Channel to determine whether it should be the result MP3 mono, stereo, and joint-stereo. Perhaps there are readers who are unfamiliar with the terms of the joint-stereo. Basically the joint-stereo is a trick to encode the low frequency signal is mono while the rest remained stereo.
Mimic the working principle of a subwoofer, this causes a reduction in the size of the compressed signal while still maintaining quality. Bitrate determine the number of bits used to encode audio signals per second, often expressed in units of kilobits per second (kbps). Encoding at 128 kbps bitrate means that approximately 128 thousand bits used per second, or approximately 16 KB. Higher bitrates produces quality closer to the original. For grip, the 192 kbps bitrate, an audio signal is almost indistinguishable from CD quality.